LaTeX is the way to typeset mathematics and other scientific documents. But it is way more than that. Once you learn LaTeX, you'll never need a word processor again.

If you're looking for information regarding TeX and LaTeX; your best bet is to check out the Comprehensive TeX Archive Network, which aims to do what its name suggests. In particular, the introduction page will get you started.

Below are some documents that I've found to be useful.

• Math:
  • The not so short introduction to LaTeX2e contains alot of information about typesetting math in LaTeX.
  • A useful guide to math in latex.
  • Comprehensive LaTeX symbols list.
  • User's guide to the AMS theorems package, "amsthm".
• Tutorials, etc:
  • A guide to tweaking LaTeX.
  • A LaTeX tutorial.
• Awesome:
  • Here is a fantastic little web application that lets you scribble in a symbol, and it tries to find the LaTeX code for the symbol.
• Figures:
  • Here is Ipe. An application that lets you draw nice figures to embed in your LaTeX documents. There are many such applications, but this one seems pretty and nice and was built to work with LaTeX.
  • The home page of the xy-pic latex package, which has links to the wonderful xymatrix tool which makes commutative diagrams easy. Here is the manual for xymatrix.
  • The drawing application Dia also looks promising, but I have yet to try it. It's part of Gnome, so if you use Linux, you may already have it.
  • Inkscape comes highly recommended.
  • A guide to commutative diagram packages by J.S. Milne.
  • PS Tricks User's Guide The pstricks package provides a convenient way to incorporate graphics into your application without using any external imaging software. The downside is you have to create a postscript file, then convert to pdf. You can't simply go from dvi to pdf, and you can't use pdflatex.
• Presentations: The User's Guide to Beamer a document class for making presentations.
• Other:
  • Some useful information on adding footnotes to a document.
  • LaTeX's geometry package.